Name | Neotame |
Synonyms | Neotame NEOTAME (200 MG) methyl N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-D-alpha-aspartyl-D-phenylalaninate N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L--aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester N-(N-(3,3-Dimethylbutyl)-L-alpha-aspartyl)-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester L-PHENYLALANINE, N-[N-(3,3-DIMETHYLBUTYL)-L-alpha.-ASPARTYL]-, 1-METHYL ESTER |
CAS | 165450-17-9 |
InChI | InChI=1/C20H30N2O5/c1-20(2,3)10-11-21-15(13-17(23)24)18(25)22-16(19(26)27-4)12-14-8-6-5-7-9-14/h5-9,15-16,21H,10-13H2,1-4H3,(H,22,25)(H,23,24)/t15-,16-/m1/s1 |
Molecular Formula | C20H30N2O5 |
Molar Mass | 378.46 |
Density | 1.133g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 80.9-83.4 °C |
Boling Point | 565.3°C at 760 mmHg |
Specific Rotation(α) | [α]/D -41.0±3.0°, c = 0.5 in H2O |
Flash Point | 295.7°C |
Solubility | Chloroform, methanol |
Vapor Presure | 1.29E-13mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White to off-white powder or crystal |
Storage Condition | 2-8℃ |
Refractive Index | 1.521 |
MDL | MFCD09039056 |
Use | Sweeteners |
Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
Reference Show more | 1. Yang Dan, Feng Liang, Liu Jun, Zhao Jing, Li Chao, Zhu Fagen, Shao Jianguo, Jia Xiaobin, Sun E. Study on Improvement of Drug Compliance of Pudilan Anti-inflammatory Oral Liquid for Children Based on Material Property Characterization Technology [J]. World traditional Chinese medicine, 2020,15(15):2221-2227. 2. Yin, Kai-Jing, et al. "Effects of different sweeteners on behavior and neurotransmitters release in mice." Journal of food science and technology 57.1 (2020): 113-121.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04036-6 |
neotame is by far the sweetest synthetic sweetener in the world and the safest sweetener with the closest taste to sucrose in the world.
Neotame has a pure sweet taste, very close to aspartame, without the bitter and metallic taste often brought by other strong sweeteners. Under various conditions, its flavor distribution is not significantly different from that of aspartame. Although the formation of sweet taste stimulation of neotame is similar to that of sucrose, compared with aspartame, the initial slight lag of its sweet taste formation can be felt, while the duration of sweet taste is slightly longer. Similar to aspartame, in complex food systems, other ingredients such as polyols, sucrose or oxyacids can be added as needed to change these temporary effects.
in October 2003, the Ministry of health of China approved neotame as a sweetener to be used in various foods and beverages. the addition amount depends on the production needs. neotame is the only safe sweetener approved by the Ministry of health of our country to be used in food without limit. A large number of research results show that neotame is practical in all groups including children, pregnant women, lactating women and diabetic patients. The use of neotame does not require special indications for patients with phenylketonuria. neotame is the only artificial sweetener in the current sweetener market that has no contraindications.
neotame can rapidly metabolize in the human body. The main metabolic pathway is to hydrolyze methyl esters through enzymes produced by the human body, and finally produce defatted neotame and methanol. The methanol produced by neotame decomposition in the human body is far from enough to pose a health hazard to the human body. Compared with ordinary foods such as fruit juice, vegetables and vegetable juice, the amount of methanol produced by neotame decomposition is very small. For example, the methanol content in tomato juice is more than 200 times that of neotame-containing beverages. Neotame can be excreted thoroughly with urine and feces and will not accumulate in the human body.
Neotame can also enhance the flavor of certain foods and beverages, especially sour fruit flavors (such as oranges, lemons and grapes) and cherry flavors. Unlike aspartame, there is no sweetness synergy between neotame, acesulfame, and saccharin, which provides more convenience for food and beverage manufacturers to develop new products, because neotame can be used alone. It can also be mixed with other nutritional or non-nutritional sweeteners. The emergence of neotame provides food manufacturers with more flexible sweet solutions. Adding starch foods can inhibit starch aging and prolong the shelf life of food; adding protein-rich foods such as eggs and fish can inhibit protein denaturation and maintain good food taste.
properties
The nutrients contained in sweet are easily absorbed by the human body; Neotame has low energy or no energy, can be eaten by people with diabetes, does not cause dental caries, and can promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria, etc.; it will not cause tooth decay and blood sugar fluctuations. Neotame is the sweetener of choice for health foods.
introduction
sweet is the crystallization of the research results of Newt company in the United States for more than 20 years and is a symbol of a new generation of sweeteners. on July 9, 2002, the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) confirmed the safety and functionality of neotame and approved neotame as a sweetener and flavor enhancer for various foods and beverages. On March 10, 2003, the Ministry of Health of China approved it as a sweetener for use in various foods and beverages, and the amount of use depends on production needs. The sweetness of neotame is 7000 to 13000 times that of sucrose, and the actual sweetness multiple varies according to the required sweetness intensity and specific application. Neotame has a pure sweet taste. In ordinary or sugar-free beverages, using neotame instead of some sweeteners can not only obtain products suitable for sweetness and flavor, but also reduce product costs
application
Sweet is a non-nutritive non-energy sweetener. It has high sweetness, no toxic side effects and its sweetness cost is much lower than that of sucrose and aspartame, so it can be widely used in the production of food industry. Application in various beverages (
1) carbonated drinks: neotame can last for 16 weeks in cola carbonated drinks. It is consistent with the shelf life of low-energy carbonated drinks sold on the market. It can also be used in lemonade.
2) Non-carbonated beverages: Neotame can be used in hot-filled lemon tea, solid powdered beverages, yogurt and other foods, and in these foods are very stable and of good quality. Neotame can be used in dairy products, ice cream and other frozen desserts.
strong sweetener
Power sweetener (Intense Sweetener), its sweetness is very high, usually more than 50 times that of sucrose. Depending on the source, there are three categories: natural extracts, chemically modified (semi-synthetic) products of natural products and pure chemical synthetic products. There is a large supply of natural extracts are currently mainly stevia extract and sweet, natural products such as aspartame, neotame and sucralose, pure chemical synthesis products such as saccharin, cyclamate and acesulfame.
Strong sweeteners can be used for sweetening low-energy baked foods, but they must have good thermal stability. Aspartame is approved for food, but it is not suitable for baked goods due to its poor thermal stability. Newsweet is a derivative of aspartame. Its thermal stability and sweetness are greatly improved compared with aspartame, and its sweetness is pure and sweet. It is a powerful sweetener with great development potential for bakery.
neotame is a dipeptide derivative of aspartic acid. it is the latest product developed by newt company after aspartame at a cost of us $80 million. it represents the latest achievement in the research field of strong sweeteners. It is a aspartame derivative formed by combining a hydrophobic group on the aspartame molecule according to the hypothesis of the double hydrophobic binding site of the human sweet receptor. It can act on the two hydrophobic binding sites of human sweet receptors at the same time, so the sweetness is greatly increased, 6000~10000 times sweeter than sucrose and 30~60 times sweeter than aspartame.
Neotame retains many excellent characteristics of aspartame, such as pure sweet taste, good taste distribution and flavor enhancement properties, no energy, no cariogenicity, and stability in acidic media. Not only that, it is also superior to aspartame in many aspects. Under dry conditions, neotame has a longer shelf life; in neutral media or instantaneous high temperature sterilization conditions, neotame is much more stable than aspartame, so it can be used as a sweetener for baked goods. Neotame can also be used with reducing sugars and aldehyde-based flavor substances without adverse reactions, and its safety is also greatly improved compared with aspartame. Due to the high sweetness of neotame, the cost of equal sweetness is lower than that of aspartame. Therefore, neotame has great market potential. In December 1998, Neotame's application for status as a food sweetener was filed in the United States, and some other countries are also in progress. On July 9, 2002, the US FDA confirmed the safety and function of neotame, and is currently under review by more regulatory agencies and countries worldwide. On March 10, 2003, the Ministry of Health of China approved Neotame as a sweetener for use in various foods.
solubility
The solubility of neotame in water is 12.6g/L at 25 ℃ and 10g/L for aspartame. To achieve a multiple of solubility required for the same sweetness as 10% sucrose solution, I .e. MRS 10% value, is about 740. In other words, the solubility of neotame is about 740 times higher than that required to achieve the same sweetness of 10% sucrose solution. In contrast, this multiple of aspartame is only about 19. It is worth noting that when neotame is present in the form of salt (such as phosphate) or complex (such as complex with β-cyclodextrin), its dissolution rate in the aqueous phase will increase significantly. The solubility of neotame in absolute ethanol is very high, about 950g/L at 25 ℃, which is 250 times higher than that of aspartame (3.7g/L at 25 ℃).
After neotame enters the human body, about half of it is excreted from the body in the form of 3, 3-dimethylbutyl aspartyl phenylalanine (DMB-Asp-Phe). The other half is absorbed intact and then further hydrolyzed into DMB-Asp-Phe and methanol. Most of this DMB-Asp-Phe (half-life of 2h) is excreted in urine without more residues in any tissue; in addition, only a small part is metabolized by the body and oxidized by 3, 3-dimethylbutyl Part forms 3, 3-dimethylbutyric acid, which is excreted in urine as a carnitine ester (Carnitine ester, less than 5% of neotame intake) of the human body. It is worth noting that the metabolic decomposition of aspartame is very different from neotame. Aspartame is decomposed into three components-aspartic acid (Asp), phenylalanine (Phe) and methanol in the intestinal lumen or mucosal cells. These components are absorbed into the human venous circulation and into the amino acid metabolism cycle. Therefore, it can be considered that aspartame is completely metabolized and absorbed, and more than 90% of neotame is excreted from the body through excreta.
55% phenylalanine can be released during the metabolism of aspartame. Phenylalanine, one of the eight essential amino acids in the body, enters the usual metabolic pathways for metabolism, but patients with phenylpyruvic aciduria (PKU) lack the ability to metabolize phenylalanine. Although compared with meat, milk and other protein foods, aspartame has a low content of phenylalanine. However, many countries have stipulated that foods containing aspartame must indicate that the product contains phenylalanine on the packaging to remind PKU patients. Since the concentration of neotame in foods sweetened by neotame is about lower (as low as 2.5%) than aspartame, the phenylalanine content in this product is extremely low, containing 17mg/L neotame monohydrate equivalent to 7.08mg/L phenylalanine, which is much lower than the phenylalanine content of fruit juice. Moreover, the effective amount of phenylalanine in 17mg neotame entering the body through metabolic pathway is lower, less than 0.7mg, which is as low as about 0.25% of aspartame. Therefore, it is not necessary to indicate that foods sweetened with neotame contain phenylalanine.
From a large number of safety tests, it can be seen that neotame and its main metabolites (DMB-Asp-Phe) are safe for normal organisms, non-mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic, and will not be toxic to reproduction or target organs. The extremely low usage and the favorable pharmacokinetic properties of its molecules and major metabolites make it highly safe.
safety instructions | 24/25 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
customs code | 29242990 |
toxic substance data | 165450-17-9(Hazardous Substances Data) |